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Clay pipes have been found in excavations dated as early as 4000 BCE.
They were used in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley civilization, the Minoan
civilization, and of course the Roman Empire (which also used lead pipes).
Modern-era pipes are made with a variety of materials. One of the earliest
types in the U.S. was hollowed-out logs, and later, wood-stave pipes.
Other types include vitrified clay, brick, cut stone, slate, cast iron,
concrete, and recently, PVC. The size/shapes of the sewers varied in
almost direct proportion to the number of designers involved.
See Tracking Down the Roots
of Our Sanitary Sewers for more information.
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