The testing bulkhead for applying the pneumatic test to joints in cast-iron pipe lines, as described in the accompanying article. Pipes are 72 inches in diameter. Circa 1916.

Source: J. F. Springer, "Iron and Steel Sewer Pipe," Municipal Engineering, Volume LI, No. 3 (September 1916), p. 89.

The testing bulkhead for applying the pneumatic test in place, ready for making the test. Circa 1916.

Source: J. F. Springer, "Iron and Steel Sewer Pipe," Municipal Engineering, Volume LI, No. 3 (September 1916), p. 90.

A cast-iron sewer connection of large size, circa 1916.

Source: J. F. Springer, "Iron and Steel Sewer Pipe," Municipal Engineering, Volume LI, No. 3 (September 1916), p. 90.

Riveted steel pipe.

Source: W. A. Hardenbergh, "Water Supply and Purification," 1st edition (Scranton, Pennsylvania: International Textbook Company, 1938), p. 136.

Riveted steel pipe with spiral joints.

Source: W. A. Hardenbergh, "Water Supply and Purification," 1st edition (Scranton, Pennsylvania: International Textbook Company, 1938), p. 137.

Advertisement for United States Pipe and Foundry Company, 1944. 72-inch flanged Y-branch. Artwork by Rico Lebrun.

Source: Sewage Works Journal, Volume XVI, No. 6 (November 1944), p. 22 (in advertising supplement).

Source: Sewage Works Journal, Volume XVI, No. 5 (September 1944), p. 28 (in advertising supplement).

Advertisement for cast iron pipe, manufactured by the United States Pipe and Foundry Company, Burlington, NJ, 1953.

Source: Sewage and Industrial Wastes, May 1953, p. 191a.