Sewer History: Photos and Graphics

The Shone, Liernur, and Berlier Systems as applied to house plumbing
	Arrangement of Liernur's Sewerage System in private houses, circa 1884. This system, invented by Captain Charles T. Liernur, was primarily used in Holland. It was designed as a "separate" system, with sewage and rainwater disposed of by separated systems. Pneumatic pressure delivered sewage through pipes to a collection station. See pp. 22-26 of source article for detailed information. Samuel M. Gray, Proposed Plan for a Sewerage System, and for the Disposal of the Sewage of the City of Providence (Providence: Providence Press Company, Printers to the City, 1884), Plate 7, opposite page 24.
	Details of parts of Liernur's Sewerage System, circa 1884. Samuel M. Gray, Proposed Plan for a Sewerage System, and for the Disposal of the Sewage of the City of Providence (Providence: Providence Press Company, Printers to the City, 1884), Plate 8, opposite page 24.
	Sketch showing the arrangement of Berlier's system in public and private buildings, circa 1884 in Paris. This system was tried in Paris in the 1880s to separate sludge and draw it by pneumatic pressure to a collection station. See pp. 26-30 of source article for detailed information. Samuel M. Gray, Proposed Plan for a Sewerage System, and for the Disposal of the Sewage of the City of Providence (Providence: Providence Press Company, Printers to the City, 1884), Plate 10, opposite page 28.
	The Shone Hydraulic House-Sewage Ejector, circa 1887. This device was part of a comprehensive sewage conveyance system that attracted attention in Europe. This flushing device held house sewage until a large enough volume was collected to flush the house drain. "The Shone Hydro-Pneumatic System of Sewerage," The Manufacturer and Builder, Volume 19, Issue 5 (May 1887), p. 104. Courtesy of The Making of America Digital Collection, Cornell University Library.
Illustrations of correct and incorrect house plumbing (Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr.)
	Main sewer showing manhole and early ways to connect homes to the sewers. Illustration circa 1887. Source: Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. (Mayor of Auburn, New York), “Sewers: Ancient and Modern; with an Appendix,” a paper read before the Cayuga County Historical Society on December 14, 1886. From the Collections of the Cayuga County Historical Society, 5 (1887).
	Proper and improper connections of laterals to the sewer mains. Illustration circa 1887. Source: Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. (Mayor of Auburn, New York), “Sewers: Ancient and Modern; with an Appendix,” a paper read before the Cayuga County Historical Society on December 14, 1886. From the Collections of the Cayuga County Historical Society, 5 (1887).
	Proper ventilation of soil pipe. Illustration circa 1887. Source: Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. (Mayor of Auburn, New York), “Sewers: Ancient and Modern; with an Appendix,” a paper read before the Cayuga County Historical Society on December 14, 1886. From the Collections of the Cayuga County Historical Society, 5 (1887).
	Result of overflow without trap. Illustration circa 1887. Source: Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. (Mayor of Auburn, New York), “Sewers: Ancient and Modern; with an Appendix,” a paper read before the Cayuga County Historical Society on December 14, 1886. From the Collections of the Cayuga County Historical Society, 5 (1887).
	Roots seeking moisture as recognized in the late 1880s. Illustration circa 1887. Source: Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. (Mayor of Auburn, New York), “Sewers: Ancient and Modern; with an Appendix,” a paper read before the Cayuga County Historical Society on December 14, 1886. From the Collections of the Cayuga County Historical Society, 5 (1887).
	Separated storm drainage and sanitary sewer systems. Illustration circa 1887. Source: Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. (Mayor of Auburn, New York), “Sewers: Ancient and Modern; with an Appendix,” a paper read before the Cayuga County Historical Society on December 14, 1886. From the Collections of the Cayuga County Historical Society, 5 (1887).