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| Toilets,
earth closets, and house plumbing (5) (Click on thumbnails to enlarge image) |
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| Toilets,
earth closets, and house plumbing (5) (Click on thumbnails to enlarge image) |
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Illustrations of correct and incorrect house plumbing
(Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr.) - cont. |
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Sewerage as a beverage. This 1886 illustration shows what
can happen if sewage is disposed of too close to sources of drinking water.
Source: Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. (Mayor of Auburn, New York), “Sewers: Ancient and Modern; with an Appendix,” a paper read before the Cayuga County Historical Society on December 14, 1886. From the Collections of the Cayuga County Historical Society, 5 (1887). |
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Ventilation and stone sewer. This shows what can happen
if a sewer is not properly constructed -- sewer gas and leaking sewage.
Illustration circa 1887.
Source: Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. (Mayor of Auburn, New York), “Sewers: Ancient and Modern; with an Appendix,” a paper read before the Cayuga County Historical Society on December 14, 1886. From the Collections of the Cayuga County Historical Society, 5 (1887). |
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Miscellaneous |
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Simple latrine model: two horizontal logs tied between two vertical supporting logs. "Seat" can be placed at a comfortable level. Source: Juuti Petri & Wallenius Katri, Brief History of Wells and Toilets (Tampere University Press, Finland, 2005). Thanks to Petri Juuti, Ph.D., University of Tampere, Finland. |
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Old-fashioned enamel bed pan, Finland. Source: Juuti Petri & Wallenius Katri, Brief History of Wells and Toilets (Tampere University Press, Finland, 2005). Thanks to Petri Juuti, Ph.D., University of Tampere, Finland. |
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Chamber pot, Finland. Source: Juuti Petri & Wallenius Katri, Brief History of Wells and Toilets (Tampere University Press, Finland, 2005). Thanks to Petri Juuti, Ph.D., University of Tampere, Finland. |
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Compost toilet, Finland. Source: Juuti Petri & Wallenius Katri, Brief History of Wells and Toilets (Tampere University Press, Finland, 2005). Thanks to Petri Juuti, Ph.D., University of Tampere, Finland. |
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A very public urinal, Amsterdam. Public urinals were usually made of metal, open only from the top; some models were even quite decorative. They started to disappear from Finnish cities in the 1950s. They disappeared from Vasa in the early 1960s, in some cities not until the 1970s. In Central Europe one can still find these oh-so-simple and necessary facilities.These examples are from the centre of Amsterdam Photo date: Oct. 2004. Source: Juuti Petri & Wallenius Katri, Brief History of Wells and Toilets (Tampere University Press, Finland, 2005). Thanks to Petri Juuti, Ph.D., University of Tampere, Finland. |
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An extrememly public urinal, Asterdam. (See above) Source: Juuti Petri & Wallenius Katri, Brief History of Wells and Toilets (Tampere University Press, Finland, 2005). Thanks to Petri Juuti, Ph.D., University of Tampere, Finland. |
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All the amenities while you travel. This toilet on wheels was probably built circa 2000. Source: Unknown. |
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The ultimate port-a-potty, circa 2000. Source: Unknown. |
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