Sewer History: Photos and Graphics

Roman-era Turkey
	Roman-era toilets in Ephesus, Turkey, from 1st Century CE. Photo date 1998. Source: Steve Harding, Pima County Wastewater Management Department, Tucson, Arizona.
	Roman-era toilets in Ephesus, Turkey. Photo date 2002. Source: Used with permission of Prof. Paul Brians, Department of English, Washington State University. See http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/xworldciv.html.
	Roman baths in Ephesus, Turkey. Photo date 2002. Source: Used with permission of Prof. Paul Brians, Department of English, Washington State University. See http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/xworldciv.html.
	Roman baths in Ephesus, Turkey. The raised flooring here in the Roman baths required several huge furnaces for heating. Photo date 2002. Source: Used with permission of Prof. Paul Brians, Department of English, Washington State University. See http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/xworldciv.html.
	Roman bath furnaces in Ephesus, Turkey. These furnaces heated the raised flooring in the Roman baths. Photo date 2002. Source: Used with permission of Prof. Paul Brians, Department of English, Washington State University. See http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/xworldciv.html.
	Baths in Aphrodisias, Turkey. Part of the Baths of Hadrian. Photo date 2002. Source: Used with permission of Prof. Paul Brians, Department of English, Washington State University. See http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/xworldciv.html
	Baths in Aphrodisias, Turkey. Part of the Baths of Hadrian. Photo date 2002. Source: Used with permission of Prof. Paul Brians, Department of English, Washington State University. See http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/xworldciv.html.
	Baths in Phaselis, Turkey. Photo date 2002. Source: Used with permission of Prof. Paul Brians, Department of English, Washington State University. See http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/xworldciv.html.
	Roman baths at the ruins of Olympos, Turkey. Source: Radoslaw BotevWikimedia Commons.
Middle Ages
	Medieval illustration of a large stew, the communal bath which featured feasting and prostitution. Source: unknown.
Modern
	Tent city, possibly WPA. Source: Mission Clay, Kansas.
	Row of toilets, possibly WPA. Source: Mission Clay, Kansas.
	Public restroom in Paris, France. Photo taken 1998. Source: Robert K. Baker, Pima Community College, Tucson, Arizona.
	A Chinese cleaner emerges from a beetle-shaped toilet at a park in Beijing, November 2004. China, flushed with pride over its booming economy and successful Olympics bid, added another feather to its cap by playing host to the fourth annual World Toilet Summit. Beijing spent 40 million yuan ($4.83 million) between 1987 and 2000 turning toilets at scenic spots from cess pools to star-rated ones, tourism officials have said. Source: REUTERS/Claro Cortes IV.