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British Isles (2) (Click on thumbnails to enlarge image) |
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British Isles (2) (Click on thumbnails to enlarge image) |
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London (and related information)
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Design for outfall sewer on the north side of the Thames River, London, circa 1910. It consists of three 9 ft. by 9 ft. culverts side by side, laid with a fall of 2 ft. per mile on a bed of concrete. J. T. Brown, W. H. Maxwell, editors, "Sewerage," The Encyclopaedia of Municipal and Sanitary Engineering (New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1910), p. 430. |
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Oval sewer design similar to those used in London (storm sewer for Franklin Street, Tucson, Arizona, 1915). Source: Alfred D. Micotti, Proposed additions and extensions to the sewer system of the city of Tucson, Arizona, M.S. Thesis, University of Arizona, 1915. University of Arizona Library Special Collections Call no. E 9791 1915 1. |
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Oval sewer design similar to those used in London (storm sewer for Alameda Street, Tucson, Arizona, 1915. Source: Alfred D. Micotti, Proposed additions and extensions to the sewer system of the city of Tucson, Arizona, M.S. Thesis, University of Arizona, 1915. University of Arizona Library Special Collections Call no. E 9791 1915 1. |
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Oval sewer designs used in London. Source: Mary Gayman, "A Glimpse into London's Early Sewers," Cleaner Magazine, © 1996, COLE Publishing Inc. Reprinted with permission from Pumper and Cleaner. |
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The British Commission of Sewers responded to intolerable working conditions in a report mandating that "...no common sewer should be so small that an ordinary sized man shall not be able to cleanse it." Circa 1840-50. Source: Mary Gayman, "A Glimpse into London's Early Sewers," Cleaner Magazine, © 1996, COLE Publishing Inc. Reprinted with permission from Pumper and Cleaner. |
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Mid-1800s traffic jam on the London Bridge shows the unsanitary conditions prevalent at the time Source: Mary Gayman, "A Glimpse into London's Early Sewers," Cleaner Magazine, © 1996, COLE Publishing Inc. Reprinted with permission from Pumper and Cleaner. |
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See Shakespeare's Sonnets website for excellent illustrations of London and London Bridge in the 1600s, showing city congestion and heavy use of the Thames River that led to extreme pollution of the river. (The London page also has a view of London Bridge, which can be seen on the far right.) |
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An experiment on street cleaning with fire hoses led to the first use of the jet hose to clean street surfaces. London. Source: Mary Gayman, "A Glimpse into London's Early Sewers," Cleaner Magazine, © 1996, COLE Publishing Inc. Reprinted with permission from Pumper and Cleaner. |
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Sewer profile and details, Hamburg, London, Paris, circa 1858. Source: E. S. Chesbrough, Chief Engineer of the Board of Sewerage Commissioners, 1858 Chicago Sewerage Report (Chicago, Illinois: Board of Sewerage Commissioners, 1858). |
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