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| Harappa,
Lothal, Mohenjo-daro (1) (Click on thumbnails to enlarge image) |
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See Tracking Down the Roots of Our Sanitary Sewers for more information. |
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| Harappa,
Lothal, Mohenjo-daro (1) (Click on thumbnails to enlarge image) |
|
See Tracking Down the Roots of Our Sanitary Sewers for more information. |
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A large corbelled drain was built in the middle of an abandoned
gateway at Harappa to dispose of rainwater and sewage.
Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of Wisconsin - Madison. Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization (Karachi: Oxford University Press,1998), p. 61. |
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An artist's reconstruction of the gateway and drain at
Harappa. By Chris Sloan. See corbelled drain above.
Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of
Wisconsin - Madison. See www.harappa.com |
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Excavated by the Harappa Archaeological Research Project in 1993, this large corbelled drain was built in the middle of an abandoned gateway at Harappa to dispose of rainwater and sewage. Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of Wisconsin - Madison. See www.harappa.com |
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Several sump pots and latrines built one above the other
were uncovered on Mound ET at Harappa. A small water jar dropped into
one pot was never retrieved. The hole in the foreground is the beginning
of another latrine that turned out to be a complete black-slipped jar.
Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of Wisconsin - Madison. Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization (Karachi: Oxford University Press,1998), p. 60. |
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Public well, Harappa. A large public well and public bathing
platforms were found in the southern part of Mound AB at Harappa. These
public bathing areas may also have been used for washing clothes as is
common in many traditional cities in Pakistan and India today. Photo by
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer and/or Richard H. Meadow.
Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of Wisconsin - Madison. See www.harappa.com |
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Lothal as envisaged by The Archaeological Survey of India.
Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of
Wisconsin - Madison. See www.harappa.com |
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Row of private baths, Lothal.
Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of Wisconsin - Madison. See www.harappa.com |
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Kitchens and wells were spread across the upper town, Lothal.
Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of Wisconsin - Madison. See www.harappa.com |
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An old well, Lothal. The bricks, typical of an ancient
Indus city, were usually of a standard size.
Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of Wisconsin - Madison. See www.harappa.com |
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Sanitary drainage at the acropolis, Lothal. The most unique
aspect of planning during the Indus Valley civilization was the system
of underground drainage. The main sewer, 1.5 meters deep and 91 cm across,
connected to many north-south and east-west sewers. It was made from bricks
smoothened and joined together seamlessly. The expert masonry kept the
sewer watertight. Drops at regular intervals acted like an automatic cleaning
device.
A wooden screen at the end of the drains held back solid wastes. Liquids entered a cesspool made of radial bricks. Tunnels carried the waste liquids to the main channel connecting the dockyard with the river estuary. Commoner houses had baths and drains that emptied into underground soakage jars. Source: Courtesy of Professor Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, University of Wisconsin - Madison. See www.harappa.com |
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